In the current trade environment, it would be difficult to carry out import and export without rules accepted in the international arena, which noted, inter alia, the obligations and the rights of the buyer and the seller. Currently, we use the INCOTERMS 2000, short for International Commerce Terms of the Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
Purpose and scope of the INCOTERMS
1) set of international rules for the interpretation of the terms most used in foreign trade , agreeing to allow rights and obligations of both seller and buyer.
2) International Chamber of Commerce - 1935
3) deal only with the buyer-seller relationship in international sales contract
4) The use of a INCOTERM has implications for other contracts
Objectives:
Quote of goods
Obligations and rights of seller and buyer
Transfer of risk on the merchandise
cancellation costs incurred determines the time and place of delivery of goods from seller to buyer
Structure:
are grouped into four categories or groups:
Category "E" Exit (exit point or origin) EXW
The seller only makes the goods available
buyer
the seller's own premises.
b) Category "F"; Free (principal freight free by seller)
FCA, FAS, FOB.
The seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier engaged by the buyer.
c) Category "C" Cost (principal freight cost included)
CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP
The seller
contract for carriage but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to goods or
costs additional clause unless directed
. Seller assumes
shipment obligations.
d) Category "D" Delivered
DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP.
The seller has to bear all costs and risks
necessary to deliver the goods
destination.
Under these terms the seller takes
obligations to delivery.
a) Group E:
EXW: Ex Works. Factory (place). Feature
minimum obligation for the seller.
b) Group F:
FCA: Free Carrier Free Carrier (named place).
FAS: Free Along Side, Franco or free alongside ship (named port of shipment).
FOB: Free On Board, Franco or free on board (named port of shipment)
Features: Delivery
agreed
boarding place and pay the buyer nominates international transport
The buyer assumes the risk of major transportation
c) Group "C":
CFR: Cost and Freight Cost and Freight (named port of destination)
CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination) CIP
: Carriage, Insurance Paid to, Carriage and Insurance Paid To (named place of destination)
CPT: Carriage Paid To, Carriage Paid To (destination convendio)
Features Group "C"
delivery of goods at destination
The seller pays the transport means and
The buyer assumes the risk of major transportation of goods as stipulated in clause
Group D:
DAF: Delivered At Frontier, Border Delivery (place)
DES: Delivered Ex Ship, Delivered Ex Ship (named port of destination) DEQ
: Delivered Ex Quay Delivered Ex Quay (named port of destination)
DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid, Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination)
DDP: Delivered Duty Paid, Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)
Features Group D: Delivery
agreed point
The seller pays the transport means and Sellers take
Main transportation risk
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